In recent years, workplace bullying has garnered increasing attention as a critical issue affecting employee well-being and organizational performance globally. Defined as repeated mistreatment that causes harm or distress to an individual in the workplace, workplace bullying is pervasive across various industries, including the public service sector in Nigeria, where it presents unique challenges due to hierarchical structures, bureaucratic processes, and power dynamics. A significant concern, evidenced by a survey indicating that 43% of public service employees in Nigeria experience bullying, highlights the urgent need to address this issue to ensure a healthy and productive work environment. The impact of workplace bullying on employee performance includes decreased job satisfaction, increased stress, absenteeism, and underperformance, which can lead to inefficiencies and reduced effectiveness in service delivery. Additionally, bullying erodes organizational culture and morale, creating a toxic work environment that hinders collaboration and innovation. This study aims to examine the prevalence, forms, and impacts of workplace bullying within the Nigerian public service sector, focusing on the Nigerian Railway Corporation in Lagos State. The research objectives include categorizing types of bullying, determining prevalence, evaluating effects on performance indicators, and identifying organizational factors contributing to bullying. The study’s findings will contribute to the body of knowledge on workplace bullying in non-Western contexts, inform policy development, and provide actionable recommendations to create supportive workplace environments, ultimately enhancing employee well-being and organizational efficiency.