Week One
Subject: Basic Science
Class: Primary Five
Week of the Second Term: 1st Week
Topic: The Human Body (Skeleton)
Subtopic 1: Types of Long Bones (Femur, Humerus)
Subtopic 2: Describing the Major Bones Using a Chart or Model
Instructional Objectives
At the end of the lesson, pupils should be able to:
- Identify and name two examples of long bones (femur and humerus).
- Describe the characteristics of long bones, such as their shape and function in movement.
- Use a chart or model of the human skeleton to locate the femur and humerus.
Entry Behaviour
Pupils should already have a basic understanding of the human body and its major parts (e.g., head, arms, and legs).
Instructional Materials
- Textbook (Basic Science for Primary School)
- Chart or model of the human skeleton
- Flashcards with images of bones
Reference Materials
Ijiyemi, C. (2016). Foundations of Science & Technology for Primary School Book 5. Metropolitan Publishers. Lagos.
Oyinlola, M., Rahaman, B., & Ezeume, I. (2015). Basic Science and Technology for Primary School Book 5 (Bec Edition). Spectrum Book Limited. Lagos.
Content
The Human Body (Skeleton)
The human body relies on its skeletal system for support, movement, and protection. The skeleton is made up of 206 bones that provide structure to the body, protect vital organs, and allow us to move. These bones are divided into different types based on their shape and function. One key category of bones in the skeletal system is long bones, which play a crucial role in supporting weight and enabling movement.
Types of Long Bones
Long bones are primarily found in the arms and legs. They are longer than they are wide and are designed to withstand weight and stress while facilitating movement. The two most well-known examples of long bones are the femur and the humerus.
- Femur (Thigh Bone):
- The femur is the longest and strongest bone in the human body. It is located in the thigh and connects the hip joint to the knee.
- Function: The femur supports the body’s weight when standing, walking, or running and helps to balance the body. It also allows for a wide range of leg movements, including bending and rotating.
- Humerus (Upper Arm Bone):
- The humerus is the long bone located in the upper arm, running from the shoulder to the elbow.
- Function: The humerus enables the arm’s movement, such as lifting, pushing, and pulling. It is essential for tasks requiring arm strength and flexibility, like throwing and lifting objects.
Describing the Major Bones Using a Chart or Model
A chart or model of the human skeleton can help illustrate the structure and location of the major bones, particularly long bones such as the femur and humerus. Here’s how these bones can be described using a visual representation:
- Femur:
- Location on the Chart or Model: In the lower limb, it stretches from the hip socket to the knee joint.
- Observation: The femur is thicker at the ends, forming the hip and knee joints. It features a rounded head at the top that fits into the hip socket, allowing for the smooth rotation of the leg.
- Key Function: It serves as the primary support for the lower body, enabling activities like standing, walking, and running.
- Humerus:
- Location on the Chart or Model: In the upper limb, extending from the shoulder to the elbow.
- Observation: The humerus has a rounded head that fits into the shoulder socket, allowing for a wide range of motion. The lower end connects to the elbow, facilitating bending and straightening of the arm.
- Key Function: It allows the arm to move and perform various tasks, from lifting to throwing and pulling.
Step 1: Introduction
Lesson Presentation (Step-by-Step Procedure)
Others removed.
