Quadrilaterals (JSS 2-Basic Technology Lesson Note: Second Term, Week First)

Lesson Plan for JSS Two (Age 12)

Subject: Basic Technology
Class: JSS 2
Week of the Term: 1st Week, Second Term
Topic: Quadrilaterals
Sub-Topic: Definition and Types of Quadrilaterals; Construction of Quadrilaterals

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Objectives

At the end of the lesson, students should be able to:

1. Define a quadrilateral and identify different types of quadrilaterals.
2. Differentiate between various types of quadrilaterals based on their properties.
3. Construct quadrilaterals using geometric tools like rulers and protractors.

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Entry Behaviour

Students should already know basic shapes such as triangles, rectangles, and squares from their previous mathematics lessons.

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Instructional Materials

1. Basic Technology textbook
2. Geometric tools (ruler, protractor, compass)
3. Visual aids (charts of different quadrilaterals)

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Reference Materials 

Ekwukoma, V., Oliver, O. J. E., & Ogunniyi, D. (2014). Basic Technology For Junior Secondary School 2 Textbook (BEC Edition). Spectrum Books Limited.

Olugasa, O. J., & Bamidele, O. H. (2014). Basic Technology For Junior Secondary School 2 Textbook (BEC Edition). University Press PLC.

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Content 

Quadrilaterals

Definition and Types of Quadrilaterals

A quadrilateral is a polygon with four sides, four vertices (corners), and four angles. The sum of the interior angles of any quadrilateral is always 360 degrees. Quadrilaterals can be categorized into different types based on their properties:

1. Square
   • All four sides are equal.
   • All four angles are right angles (90 degrees).
   • Diagonals are equal and bisect each other at right angles.
2. Rectangle
   • Opposite sides are equal in length.
   • All four angles are right angles (90 degrees).
   • Diagonals are equal and bisect each other.
3. Rhombus
   • All four sides are equal.
   • Opposite angles are equal.
   • Diagonals bisect each other at right angles but are not necessarily equal.
4. Parallelogram
   • Opposite sides are equal and parallel.
   • Opposite angles are equal.
   • Consecutive angles are supplementary (add up to 180 degrees).
   • Diagonals bisect each other but are not necessarily equal.
5. Trapezoid (US) / Trapezium (UK)
   • At least one pair of opposite sides is parallel.
   • The non-parallel sides are called legs, which can be equal or unequal.
6. Kite
   • Two pairs of adjacent sides are equal.
   • One pair of opposite angles is equal (the angles between the unequal sides).
   • The diagonals intersect at right angles.

Construction of Quadrilaterals

To construct different types of quadrilaterals, you can use a compass and a straightedge. Here are steps for constructing a square, rectangle, and triangle:

1. Square:
   • Start by drawing a line segment of a specific length (this will be one side).
   • Use a compass to create right angles at each end of the segment, measuring the same length as the original segment.
   • Connect the points to complete the square.
2. Rectangle:
   • Draw one side of a rectangle.
   • Use a compass to measure and mark the length of the adjacent sides at right angles from each end of the first side.
   • Connect the endpoints to form the rectangle.
3. Rhombus:
   • Start by drawing one side of the rhombus.
   • Use a compass to measure the same length from each endpoint at an angle to create two adjacent sides.
   • Connect the endpoints of these two lines to form the rhombus.

Step 1: Introduction

Lesson Presentation (Step-by-Step Procedure)

Others removed.