
Subject: Agricultural Science
Class: Primary One
Week of the Second Term: 4th Week
Topic: Parts of a Typical Plant – Roots, Stem
Instructional Objectives
At the end of the lesson, pupils should be able to:
- Identify and name the two main parts of a plant: roots and stem.
- Describe the function of roots and the stem in plants.
- Draw and label a simple diagram of a plant showing the roots and stem.
Entry Behaviour
Pupils should already be familiar with plants and have observed that they grow from the ground, but may not yet understand the specific parts of plants or their functions.
Instructional Materials
- Chart or poster of a plant showing roots and stem
- Flashcards with labeled parts of a plant
- Real plant samples (small potted plant or cut stems with roots)
Reference Materials
- Dairo, S. D., Akande, A. S., Akindele, F. Y., Muazu, I., & Uzowanne, C. (2023). Agriculture For Primary School 1 Textbook (BEC Edition). Spectrum Book Ltd., Lagos.
- Youdeowei, A., Ogbazi, J. N., Adesiyan, S. O., & Olowu, T. (2018). WABP Primary School Agriculture Book 1. West African Book Publishers Ltd., Lagos.
Content
Parts of a Typical Plant – Roots, Stem
- Roots: The part of the plant that grows underground. Roots help to hold the plant in place and take in water and nutrients from the soil.
- Stem: The part of the plant that grows above the ground. The stem supports the plant and carries water and nutrients from the roots to the other parts of the plant.

Lesson Presentation (Step-by-Step Procedure)
Step 1: Introduction
Begin by asking the pupils if they have ever seen a plant growing. Show them a small plant and ask them to guess which parts of the plant are above the ground and which parts are below.
Step 2: Explanation
Explain that plants have different parts, such as roots and stems. The roots grow under the soil, helping the plant get water, while the stem grows above the soil and supports the plant. Use the plant chart to show the location of these parts.
Step 3: Demonstration
Show the pupils real plant samples. Point out the roots and the stem on the plant. Let them feel the texture of the roots and observe how the stem stands upright to support the leaves.
Step 4: Guided Practice
Use flashcards with pictures of plants. Guide the pupils to point to the roots and stem on the flashcards. Ask them questions like, “Which part is the root?” and “What does the stem do?”
Step 5: Independent Practice
Give the pupils a worksheet with an outline of a plant. Ask them to draw and label the roots and stem of the plant. They can also color the drawing after labeling.
Step 6: Feedback
Walk around the classroom, checking the pupils’ work and giving feedback on their drawings and labels. Correct any mistakes and reinforce the functions of roots and stems.
Evaluation
- Formative Assessment: Observe the pupils during guided practice to ensure they can identify the parts of a plant and understand their functions.
- Summative Assessment: At the end of the lesson, ask the pupils to verbally name the parts of a plant and describe their functions. Review their completed worksheets for correct labeling of roots and stem.
Summary/Conclusion
Summarize the lesson by reminding the pupils that plants have different parts that help them grow. The roots hold the plant in place and take in water, while the stem carries water to the other parts of the plant. Ask the pupils if they have any questions.
Assignment
For homework, ask the pupils to draw another plant they see at home or in their environment. They should label the roots and stem of the plant and color it.
