Week Three
Subject: Physical and Health Education
Class: Primary Three
Week of the Third Term: 3rd Week
Topic: Nutrition
Subtopic: Meaning of Nutrition, Classes of Food and Their Functions
Instructional Objectives
At the end of the lesson, pupils should be able to:
- Define nutrition and explain its importance for the body.
- Identify the different classes of food and state their functions.
- Demonstrate an understanding of how to combine food classes for a healthy diet.
Entry Behaviour
Pupils should already have some basic understanding of food, such as what they eat daily and why eating is important. They might not know the details of different food classes and their specific functions for the body.
Instructional Materials
- Textbook: WABP Physical and Health Education for Primary Schools Book 3
- Flashcards: Pictures of different food types (e.g., fruits, vegetables, proteins, carbohydrates)
- Food samples: Healthy food items (e.g., rice, beans, fruits, vegetables, meat)
- Charts: Classification of food into the main food groups
Reference Materials
Na’omi Baba Gbefwi, Emma Okoroigwe, Adetola Akinmorin WABP Physical and Health Education for Primary Schools Book 3, 2017. West African Book Publisher Lagos.
Adeyanju.S.A, Musa Danladi. I, Edegbai.B, Igbanuog.VC, Okunrotifa.EB. Spectrum Physical and Health Education for Primary School 3 Textbook (BEC Edition) Spectrum Book Limited, 2022 Lagos.
Content
Nutrition
What is Nutrition?
Nutrition is the process by which the body takes in food and uses it for growth, energy, and health. It helps our bodies stay strong, fight diseases, and function properly.
Classes of Food and Their Functions:
- Carbohydrates:
- Found in foods like rice, yam, and bread.
- Function: Provides energy for daily activities.
- Proteins:
- Found in foods like beans, fish, meat, eggs, and nuts.
- Function: Helps build and repair body tissues and muscles.
- Fats and Oils:
- Found in foods like butter, oil, and fatty meats.
- Function: Provide long-lasting energy and help keep the body warm.
- Vitamins and Minerals:
- Found in foods like fruits, vegetables, and dairy products.
- Function: Help the body function well, boost immunity, and keep bones strong.
- Water:
- Found in drinks like water, soup, and fruits.
- Function: Keeps the body hydrated and helps transport nutrients.
Lesson Presentation (Step-by-Step Procedure)
Step 1: Introduction
Begin the lesson by asking pupils, “What do you eat for breakfast, lunch, or dinner?” Encourage them to name different foods they eat. Then, ask, “How do these foods help your body?” Introduce the term “nutrition” and explain that food is important for growth, energy, and health.
Step 2: Explanation
Explain the meaning of nutrition: “Nutrition is how our bodies use the food we eat to stay healthy, grow, and have enough energy for all the things we do.”
Introduce the different classes of food and explain their functions:
- Carbohydrates provide quick energy.
- Proteins help our muscles and body parts grow and repair.
- Fats give energy and keep us warm.
- Vitamins and minerals help with body functions and protect us from sickness.
- Water is essential for keeping the body hydrated and for carrying nutrients.
Step 3: Demonstration
Using food flashcards, show the class examples of each food class. For instance, show pictures of rice (carbohydrates), beans (proteins), oil (fats), and fruits (vitamins and minerals). Discuss where these foods are found and why they are important.
Step 4: Guided Practice
Ask pupils to sort food items into the correct food classes. Provide them with flashcards of various foods and have them work in pairs to categorize them. Then, discuss the answers as a class, reinforcing the functions of each food group.
Step 5: Independent Practice
Give pupils a worksheet where they match different foods with their correct food class and state their function. For example, they would match “orange” with “vitamins and minerals” and explain it helps boost immunity.
Step 6: Feedback
Review the answers with the pupils, addressing any confusion. Praise them for correctly identifying food classes and their functions. Offer further clarification if needed.
Evaluation
Formative Assessment:
Observe pupils’ participation during the food sorting activity. Ask them questions like, “Why do we need protein?” or “What does fat do for the body?” to gauge their understanding.
Summative Assessment:
At the end of the lesson, ask pupils to complete a short quiz where they list food items and state which food class they belong to (e.g., “rice – carbohydrate,” “meat – protein”) and explain its function.
Summary/Conclusion
To sum up, nutrition is about how food helps our bodies grow, stay healthy, and provide energy. There are five important food classes: carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins and minerals, and water. Each of these classes has a specific role in keeping our bodies strong and healthy. Remember, eating a variety of foods from all the classes is key to good health.
Assignment
For homework, ask pupils to write down three foods from each food class (carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins and minerals) and describe how each food helps the body. They can also draw pictures of these foods and label them with their function.