The rapid population growth in Nigeria presents significant challenges, particularly in the realm of family planning and its effectiveness in managing population size. This study delves into the dynamics of family planning in Nigeria, focusing on its impact on population control and the socio-economic implications. The research aims to investigate couples’ knowledge and awareness of family planning and sex education, identify factors influencing family planning choices, examine available family planning methods, and assess the effectiveness of family planning programs on population control. A descriptive survey design was employed, with data collected from 240 families in Akwa South Local Government Area of Anambra State, Nigeria. The findings reveal varying levels of awareness and acceptance of family planning methods among couples, influenced by factors such as economic status, religion, cultural norms, and educational attainment. Despite efforts to promote family planning, challenges persist, including poor diffusion of information, weak programming, and inadequate resources. The study underscores the importance of enhancing family planning education and access to services to address population growth effectively. Additionally, it highlights the need for continued research to better understand the pathways through which family planning investments contribute to societal progress and sustainable poverty reduction.