Conversion of Number Bases (JSS 2- Information Communication Technology Lesson Note: First Term, Week Eight)

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Week Eight

Subject: Information Communication Technology
Class: J.S.S Two
Week of the First Term: 8th Week
Topic: Conversion of Number Bases
Subtopics:

  • Converting decimal to binary and vice versa
  • Converting decimal to octal and vice versa

Instructional Objectives

At the end of the lesson, pupils should be able to:

  1. Convert decimal numbers to binary and binary numbers to decimal accurately.
  2. Convert decimal numbers to octal and octal numbers to decimal using appropriate methods.
  3. Demonstrate the ability to apply number base conversion in practical examples and exercises.

Entry Behaviour

Pupils should already know the following before starting this lesson:

  • The concept of decimal numbers and their place value.
  • Basic operations with numbers (addition, subtraction, etc.).
  • Familiarity with binary and octal systems in general terms.

Instructional Materials

  1. Textbook: “Basic Approach to ICT for JSS 2” by Oyeleke Samson Bukola.
  2. Visual aids: Charts illustrating number base systems (decimal, binary, octal).
  3. Flashcards with various decimal, binary, and octal numbers for practice.

Reference Materials

  • Oyeleke, S. B. (2018). Basic Approach to ICT for JSS 2. Metropolitan Publishers. Lagos.
  • Olatunde, A., Odeh, I., & Yusuf, M. (2015). WABP Information And Communications Technology For Junior Secondary School Book 2. West African Publisher. Lagos.

Content

Conversion of Number Bases

1. Decimal to Binary:

  • Divide the decimal number by 2.
  • Record the remainder.
  • Continue dividing the quotient by 2 until it reaches 0.
  • The binary number is formed by reading the remainders in reverse order.
  • Example: Convert 10 to binary.
    • 10 ÷ 2 = 5 (R1)
    • 5 ÷ 2 = 2 (R1)
    • 2 ÷ 2 = 1 (R0)
    • 1 ÷ 2 = 0 (R1)
    • Binary = 1010.

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2. Binary to Decimal:

  • Each digit is multiplied by 2 raised to the power of its position (starting from 0 on the right).
  • Sum all the results.
  • Example: Convert 1010 to decimal.
    • 1×23+0×22+1×21+0×20=8+0+2+0=101 \times 2^3 + 0 \times 2^2 + 1 \times 2^1 + 0 \times 2^0 = 8 + 0 + 2 + 0 = 101×23+0×22+1×21+0×20=8+0+2+0=10.

3. Decimal to Octal:

  • Divide the decimal number by 8.
  • Record the remainder.
  • Continue dividing until the quotient is 0.
  • Read the remainders in reverse order.
  • Example: Convert 10 to octal.
    • 10 ÷ 8 = 1 (R2)
    • 1 ÷ 8 = 0 (R1)
    • Octal = 12.

4. Octal to Decimal:

  • Each digit is multiplied by 8 raised to the power of its position.
  • Sum all the results.
  • Example: Convert 12 (octal) to decimal.
    • 1×81+2×80=8+2=101 \times 8^1 + 2 \times 8^0 = 8 + 2 = 101×81+2×80=8+2=10.

Step 1: Introduction

Lesson Presentation (Step-by-Step Procedure)

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