Week 8: Sewing Machine and Garment Construction Process
Topic: Basic Garment Construction Terms
Sub-Topic: Steps in Making Simple Garments
Lesson Objectives
At the end of the lesson, students should be able to:
- Define basic garment construction terms (e.g., seams, hems, darts).
- Describe the steps involved in making a simple garment.
- Demonstrate basic sewing techniques.
Entry Behaviour
Students should have knowledge of sewing machines and basic sewing concepts.
Instructional Materials
- Sewing patterns for simple garments
- Fabric samples for practice
- Instructional videos on garment construction
Reference Materials
- Hassan A. B., Mau Nkem J., Ogunyinka C. O., Lawoyin M. A. (2017). Home Economics for Junior Secondary Schools 3. Spectrum Books Limited, Ibadan.
- S.O. Olaitan, C. O. Mbah (2015). WABP Home Economics for Junior Secondary Schools 3. West African Book Publishers Ltd., Ibadan.
Content
Basic Garment Construction Terms
- Pattern: A pattern is a template used to cut fabric into the shapes needed to create a garment. Patterns can be purchased from stores or made at home.
- Fabric Grain: Fabric grain refers to the direction of the threads in the fabric. The lengthwise grain runs parallel to the selvage (the finished edge of the fabric), while the crosswise grain runs perpendicular to it. Cutting along the grain helps the garment hang correctly.
- Seam: A seam is the line where two pieces of fabric are stitched together. There are different types of seams, such as plain seams, French seams, and flat-felled seams.
- Hemming: Hemming is the process of finishing the raw edges of a fabric to prevent fraying. A hem can be a simple fold and stitch or more decorative, depending on the garment style.
- Darts: Darts are triangular folds sewn into fabric to give shape to the garment, usually around the bust, waist, or hips. They help create a better fit.
- Ease: Ease is the amount of extra fabric allowed in a garment for comfort and movement. It can be built into the pattern or added during construction.
- Notions: Notions are small sewing supplies used in garment construction, such as buttons, zippers, thread, and interfacing.
- Interfacing: Interfacing is a material used to add stiffness or support to certain areas of a garment, like collars or cuffs.
Steps in Making Simple Garments
Making a simple garment involves several steps, from planning to finishing. Here’s a straightforward process to guide you through:
- Choose a Pattern:
- Select a pattern that suits your skill level and the type of garment you want to make (like a shirt, dress, or skirt). Ensure you have the right size and style for your needs.
- Gather Materials:
- Collect all necessary materials, including the fabric, thread, sewing machine, scissors, pins, and any notions (like buttons or zippers).
- Prepare the Fabric:
- Wash and iron your fabric before cutting. This helps remove any shrinkage and ensures the fabric lays flat for accurate cutting.
- Cut the Fabric:
- Lay out the pattern pieces on the fabric according to the instructions. Pin the pattern to the fabric and carefully cut around the edges. Be sure to cut along the grain for the best fit.
- Pin and Sew the Seams:
- Start by pinning the fabric pieces together as indicated in the pattern. Sew the seams together using a sewing machine, following the seam allowance specified in the pattern.
- Press the Seams:
- After sewing, press the seams with an iron to flatten them. This helps give the garment a polished look and can make future sewing steps easier.
- Add Darts or Shaping:
- If your pattern includes darts or other shaping techniques, mark their placement and sew them to create a better fit.
- Finish the Edges:
- To prevent fraying, finish the raw edges of the fabric. You can use a zigzag stitch, pinking shears, or bias tape, depending on the fabric type and desired finish.
- Hemming:
- Fold the hem at the bottom of the garment and pin it in place. Sew the hem to finish the edges neatly.
- Add Notions:
- If your garment requires buttons, zippers, or other notions, sew them on according to the pattern instructions.
- Final Press:
- Give the finished garment a final press with the iron to remove any wrinkles and make it look its best.
- Try it On:
- Once everything is completed, try on the garment to ensure it fits well. Make any necessary adjustments if needed.
Step 1: Introduction
Lesson Presentation (Step-by-Step Procedure)
Others removed.
