This research delves into the complex dynamics of the Boko Haram insurgency in northeast Nigeria from 2009 to 2014, examining its rationality through the lens of international relations theories, particularly realism and idealism. It scrutinizes the socio-political and economic implications of Boko Haram’s terrorist activities, shedding light on the group’s strategic objectives and impact on the region’s stability and development. By analyzing primary and secondary sources, including interviews with key stakeholders and extensive literature review, this study seeks to elucidate the root causes of terrorism in Nigeria and the responses of both the government and the international community. Through a qualitative research approach, it aims to provide valuable insights for policymakers, scholars, and practitioners in understanding and addressing the multifaceted challenges posed by Boko Haram insurgency in the context of international relations theory.